Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Explication paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Explication paper - Essay Example If the two resemble each other in the world’s image, he makes us undeniably reminisce of John Wyndham. It is constantly tricky to evaluate an amalgamation of anything as compared to a solitary unit, but inside its sparingly defined surrounding The Fat Man possesses a superseding style that connects the tales together. (It is probable that what proposed the relation with Magritte to the editors). This tale option is the center on character associations as a macrocosm of the broader surrounding, as compared to associations as an ingredient to it. The expression macrocosm is perceived to be the precise depiction of the broader proceedings as reflections of the parameters than it is to depict or explain those parameters as reflection s of the novel communal and ecological landscape. In addition, since the attention on character is so close up, obtrusive, the peripheral world has gone out of attraction. Carla and Paul are not bulged to provide an affectionate concern to a plot centering on the likelihood of genetic modification, they are the consequence of that likelihood being an acknowledged section of the community. It is evident that Mort and Lily are not focusing on the menace of the ecological devastation, the consequence of lax quarantine decrees in the space travel period. Both parties could not care a little less and the actual harm of the narrative is the harm to their association and not the globe’s ecology. In multiple manners, Carey has a technique to narrate that is more evocative of Wyndham who was extensively explained by Aldiss Brian that he was the spreader of the â€Å"cosy catastrophe†. In Carey’s individual cosy upheaval, his personal domestic dreams, the situation of the novel world of the prospects is depicted in brief brushstrokes on the perimeter of the canvas. In this novel, Alexander Finch might internally bar against the novel political array. He and his associate housemates might fantasize on blasting down the statue of

Monday, October 28, 2019

Sex Education in Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Sex Education in Public Schools Essay Sex education should be taught in public middle schools because: it decreases the chance of sexual diseases and teenage pregnancies, it is needed in case of a parents’ absence or neglect, and it also provides more knowledge about how sex works while debunking the myths surrounding sexual intercourse, and it makes some want to set goals for relationships. People say sex education encourages youth to engage in sexual activities rather than preventing sex. This is true; however, studies show that when youth are taught about sexual education, they are more likely to make better decisions. Sexual education should be taught in middle school because it is around this time that youth become sexually aware. Teaching them in middle school will better prepare them for the peer pressures and temptations that they will encounter in high school. I mean, how do we say that it is OK for schools to teach our children about math, science, history, and numerous other subjects, yet get high and mighty with righteous indignation when biology is taken a step further to focus on sex? Most students reach puberty around middle school ages, it is important to give them a solid base for them to make smart decisions before they become sexually active. Preparing them to make better decisions will lower STD and teen pregnancy rates. Whether its safe sex practices or even abstinence, all of these issues must be dealt with in an educational setting, because when we look at teen pregnancy rates, sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, it only makes sense to have as much education as possible. This allows them to make more informed choices about engaging in sexual intercourse. The youth do not always consider the consequences of having sex, but with well educated instructors informing them, they can learn the dangers that come with having sex. If someone has no prior information about STD’s and they engage in sexual intercourse, they not only put themselves at risk but their partner is also at risk. The education provided by this program will help students be more aware of life threatening and life changing risks. Some say that the education of sex invokes students to engage in sex. However, stats say otherwise. Research shows that in a survey conducted, only about seventeen percent of the respondents answered that sex education encourages them to do â€Å"it† and the remaining eighty-three percent strongly disagreed. Sex education isn’t encouraging students to have intercourse, but rather it is teaching them how to stay safe. Should kids their age be having sex? No. However, kids are kids. They will do as they please. By teaching them safely to â€Å"do it† they will at least avoid any unnecessary risks involved in making such a grown-up and mature decision. Because many view sex as a taboo outside of marriage, they do not wish for it to be taught at all, especially to youth. However as I have stated before sex education does not encourage people to have sex but make better decisions when the time does come. Regardless of personal beliefs it is important that they understand the risks and benefits of sex. If the parents believe that the child should abstain from sex then this gives them a chance to talk about it with their child and why they believe so. Another important point to consider is the youth who do not have a particular adult to confide and ask about these feelings and urges they are experiencing. Parents do not talk about this subject to their children because either they are too busy with their daily life, don’t know how to talk about it, or they may feel uncomfortable. Therefore, sex education should be taught to them so that they would learn it from an educated and responsible adult instead of learning it from the media or their friends. Students aren’t getting the information that they need from the right places. Talking to friends or learning from social media is not the best way to learn about important topics such as sex. Many students don’t know how to prevent catching an STD because the information is not available in school. There will always be peers who will badly influence others. That is why sex education should be implemented in schools so the youth have a reliable non-biased adult to guide them into their own adulthood and are not just basing it off misconceptions. Myths and misconceptions play a big role in why youth engage in sex without considering the effects it can have. Many believe sex is an all access enjoyment activity because of the influence from outside sources like music, movies, and television. However, I state again, that with proper knowledge from both the pros and cons of engaging in sexual activity better choices can be made that will potentially save lives of many young people today and saving them the embarrassment of contracting an STD. When talking about sex, students are often embarrassed to open up about how they feel about it or what they know about it. Some adults say sex is a personal topic and should only be discussed with close family or close friends, therefore eliminates a class for sex education. Kids nowadays feel that to be a virgin is â€Å"not cool. † If you haven’t had sex by the time you are a sophomore, and if people find out about it, you lose popularity. However, what we need to emphasize is that being safe is more important than being popular. Some say that we should not teach sex education, but we should teach abstinence. Abstinence is such an unreasonable thing to teach kids. It’s just not going to happen. Too many people live in denial about their children having sex. People are crazy if they want to encourage parents to opt out of sex education and making it more about abstinence and nothing else. Why can’t both take place? Abstinence is definitely the safest of all safe sex measures, but there is also a point where we have to accept reality. If you were to talk to teachers and administrators, they will tell you that students as young as middle school are engaging in oral sex. Most say that oral sex isn’t really sex. However, anyone with half a brain knows that to be the case. In conclusion, if sex education was taught in public middle schools, these situations could be prevented. The teen pregnancy rates would be lowered along with the STD rates. Students would be provided with the information they need to prevent getting an STD or getting pregnant at such a young age. They would also learn about many different places they can turn to for information or help with any situation they got themselves into. If sex education was being taught, they could open up to their parents about it and receive information from someone they know and are comfortable talking to. I think the school board should put sex education into public middle schools so the students have the information available to them and to prevent higher pregnancy and STD rates.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Free Essay: Tim OBriens Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

The Things They Carried Vietnam War was one of the hardest wars ever fought. There are several reasons for this statement. It was basically impossible to conquer the territory because there were no boundaries. The soldiers had to put up with the climate, land, diseases and most importantly themselves. This essay is about yet another reason: the relationship between the soldiers and the officers. It is very reasonable to say that American soldiers entering the Vietnam were not disciplined enough. The average age of a soldier in Vietnam was eighteen. Nobody found it necessary to train these kids to handle all the problems they run into. The service ruined their late childhood and they had to grow up early! If anything went wrong, they would simply blame the officer in charge. Tim O'Brien illustrated this nicely in his story In The Field. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross felt guilty for Kiowa's death. He blamed himself for not thinking about his troops even though he did what he was supposed to do. Couple of soldiers were pissed off about Kiowa's death. They blamed it all on Lieutenant even though they knew it was not his fault. Then they let their emotions out and the situation turned to be out of control. O'Brien describes it syntactically. He is trying to persuade us that all the soldiers knew Jimmy was not guilty, but some soldiers just had to blam e it on somebody. " 'Some lieutenant,' Sanders said. 'Camps us in a toilet. Man don't know shit.' 'Nobody knew,' Bowker said. 'Maybe so, maybe not. Ten billion places we could've set up last night, the man picks a latrine.' ...'It wasn't the LT's fault,' Bowker said quietly. 'Whose then?' 'Nobody's. Nobody knew till afterward.' " (180). This entire incident was by far the toughest on Jimmy Cross. He had to deal with himself and his corrupt soldiers. He was emotionally shook up with Kiowa's death and he did not appreciate Mitchell's reaction. Accidents like this one lead to a distant relationship between the officer and the soldiers. Soldiers usually protest and officers have to punish them. This of course leads to more violence and some of the outcomes can be deadly.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

State Task

Task la As a new recruit working in a public service you have been asked to investigate the response to emergency service incidents. You should describe how emergency incidents are graded by a selected public service call centre. Firstly, you should give examples of emergency incidents as described in the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. You should also describe how emergency incidents are graded for a selected public service control room including the grading categories used, and the role of call handlers and incident managers. Look at the guidance notes to see what needs to be covered.Use the box provided to answer this question. Task la (Pl) When you look at an emergency incident. It has to be graded by the public services call centre. An emergency incident can be seen in many different ways of all sorts of backgrounds and serviettes. Some are more serious than others and some need more than one public service to respond to the incident. This is where the call centres grade the emerg ency. They have to make sure that that they use the right grading to get the correct response to the incident and that they ensure peoples safety. When looking at the emergency incident responses system.You also have to look at the civil contingencies act 2004. The civil contingencies act is important because it decides who is under what category of response and how urgent the response is. This act gave a new definition to the term emergency. This definition covers many different things for example it covers terrorism and dangers to people's health. This Act is split in to 3 parts. Part 1 defines the obligations of certain organisations to prepare for various types of emergencies. This puts a legal obligation in place to local uthorities and the public services; these are called category 1 responders.The main job which is put in tront ot them is the Job ot intorming the public ot the incident in which has Just happened. Part one is all about local arrangements to protect the citizen s. Part 2 is about emergency powers which are temporary emergency regulations made in the name of the queen by the order in council these regulations last for a maximum of 21 days but parliament can choose to extend this time if they see fit to do so before it ends. The next part of the act is looking at the definition of ategory 1 and category 2 responders. Every responder has an emergency planning officer.Their main role is to make sure they have good communication with the other responders and that they stay in accordance of the act. Category 1 responders are core responders or â€Å"blue-light† responders. There are 9 different responders for example some of the responders in category 1 are: fire service, police service and the NHS primary care trust. These will normally be the first ones to respond to an incident they get it under control and evaluate if any category 2 responders are eeded and if so which ones. Category 2 responders are key and work with category 1 respo nders they help and support them.Category 2 is utility services and transport organizations Electricity distributors and transmitters and Gas distributors. They also get help for network travel and highway agencies, also the health and safety executive. The police have a certain code they use over the radios to determine how dangerous or life threatening the issue is. When you call the police, the phone call goes to the control room and they will assess the situation and decide on what code o give it the code will play a vital part in whether or not they get to the crime in time.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Equality in childcare Essay

Unit 0.3 Outcome 1 Understand the importance of equality and inclusion 1a. What is meant by diversity The term ‘diversity’ means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common with each other, they are also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is about recognising and valuing those differences. Diversity consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. By recognising and understanding our individual differences and embracing them, we can create a productive environment in which everybody feels valued. 1b. What is meant by equality Equality means treating people in a way that is appropriate for their needs. This could mean if someone had say a disability you need to treat them in the same way as you would another person, without showing them up but adapt the help you provide. 1c. What is meant by inclusion Inclusion is about equal opportunities for all families, whatever their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background. It pays particular attention to the provision made for, and the achievement of, different groups of pupils within a school. 1d. What is meant by discrimination Read more: Importance of inclusive practice essay Discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership in a certain group or category. For example, religion, skin  colour. 1.2 Describe ways in which discrimination may deliberately or inadvertently occur in the work setting Indirect Discrimination: Indirect discrimination occurs when policies and practices, which appear fair because they are applied to everyone, but turn out to disadvantage people and particular groups within society. For example, if a job advertisement states that applicants must be able to drive then this could put a certain people at a disadvantage, such as those with a disability. Or, for example you may have a school display every year to celebrate Christmas because the majority of the children would be classed as ‘white’ ‘’Christian’, however if other faiths and celebrations are not represented then smaller groups could be discriminated against. Positive Discrimination: Positive discrimination is regarded as the preferential treatment of members of a minority group over a majority group, either by sex, race, age, marital status or sex orientation. So for example if you were to allow a particular less represented group of children over another to perform a task this is classed a positive discrimination. Racial Discrimination: If a practitioner has particular views concerning race or even religion, these views could be used in the setting unintentionally to have a negative or positive influence in a situation or particular child. Stereotypes: A practitioner may intentionally or intentionally categorise children in a particular way. This could be for example, boys play with cars and girls dolls. 0.3 1.3 Explain how practices that support equality and inclusion reduce the likelihood of discrimination Treating the individual fairly, on the same level and providing them with equal opportunities to housing, education, employment, transport, health and social care can help as the individual will feel valued and treated fairly  and not made vulnerable or set apart. This will reduce, if not eliminate any discrimination against that individual or by that individual against others. Inclusion also is important as the individual will be aware of their rights, will feel in control and will feel supported to be able to make their own decisions and have their needs met. In turn this will reduce the risk of the individual being discriminated against or discriminating against others. In our setting with religion for example, we try to cover a few with our circle time sessions. Last year we did a topic on Hanukkah, a Jewish festival. 0.3 2.1 Legislation and codes of practice that applies to own role There are various pieces of legislation in place to promote equality and reduce discrimination. These include: Race Relations Act 1976 with the Public Order Act 1986 and Racial and Religious Hatred Ac 2006. Children Act 1989 and 2004 and Care Standards Act 2000 Educational Act 1981 together with E.A 1993 and 1996, Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 and Disability Discrimination Acts 1995 and 2005 Equality Act 2006  Laws alone cannot change people’s attitudes, but they can help to risk the practical aspects of discrimination. The Code Of Practice for Children with SEN gives guidance on meeting the learning needs of children with special educational needs. The EYFS guidance explains how to put the EYFS in to action. Good inclusive practice that promotes equality goes beyond what the law commands. 0.3 2.3 Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that encourages change You should never ignore or excuse such discriminatory behaviour any more than you would ignore or excuse someone if they inflicted physical pain on someone else. It must be addressed because if you do not respond and just  let the incident pass you are contributing to the person feeling that it is acceptable to speak or behave that way. To promote change you need to change people’s attitude toward other races, sexuality, religion.. In our setting we try to educate our children about different culture and disabilities by doing things like having time so that children can share their experiences with each other, and encourage them to think of other people’s feelings. They can share different opinions with each other and also get the opportunity to think about what it is like for other people. They are asked to think how they would feel in those persons shoes. 0.3 3.1 Identify a range of sources of information, advice, support about diversity, equality and inclusion It is our duty to protect a child’s rights and to offer them fair chances in life. We need to be able to be open to new ideas in order to develop and improve the way we work. Sources we could use to assist with this are: My manager Children’s families and parents Specialist organisations The internet (BBC website) Books, magazines (‘Nursery World’) Colleagues (SENCO person if you need help with a special educational needs child) EYFS and other frameworks 0.3 3.2 Describe how and when to access information, advice and support about diversity, equality and inclusion It is a sign of professionalism to recognise when you need additional information, advice and support. It is good to seek support, as struggling alone is not good practice. Equality and inclusion are aspects of practice that are complex and can raise sensitivities. Situations can be challenging and distressing. It is important to seek support and use the experience as a professional learning point. For example, in my setting when I was struggling with a child who I felt needed some speech help and I didn’t know where to turn, I contacted my  Manager who is also SENCO trained and she organised a Speech and Language Therapy referral.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Coming to America essays

Coming to America essays Social class in modern society is a very interesting topic to explore. There are many ways to understand concepts that describe class, but I believe the best way in doing this is by comparisons through movies. I believe one of the best movies that distinguishes social characteristics and relates social theories on class is Coming to America starring Eddie Murphy and Arsenio Hall. The movie is about an African prince who comes to Brooklyn in search of an American bride who will love him for who he is, rather than for his wealth and royal status. He poses as a poor bus boy in a restaurant in NY. He falls in love with his bosses daughter, but his boss is rich and thinks he is poor so he doesnt want them to become a couple. He wants her to marry some rich man from a wealthy family. This movie shows how people use SES, or socioeconomic status to make class judgments. Such as when her father believes the prince is poor, uneducated, and has no occupational prestige he thinks he is not good enough for his daughter, as soon he find out he is a wealthy prince he thinks he is the best guy in the world. At first the father would only see the prince at work, so he assumed he was of lower class, because he worked at a fast food restaurant and that is also not a prestigious job, but a prince on the other hand is a prestigious add a long, its like having dr. before your name, and if youre a prince wealth is associated along with your name. This is based on the objective approach of class. Many people also believe certain groups of people are poor like for example single mothers. Race and social class are also said to have close ties. Even though 2/3 of all poor people are white it is said the percentage of poor in minorities is disproportioned, according to Second Edition Sociology, by Linda L. Lindsey and Stephen Beech, 11 percent of whites are poor but 26.5 percent of blacks are poor. The movie also illustrates this, bu...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear Weapons The controlling of nuclear weapons dates back to the first ineffective arms negotiations at the, â€Å"Hague Conferences which took place in 1899 and 1907,†1 as stated by Tom Bethell in his article â€Å"No Nukes America†. Many conferences such as the Hague Conference, have set a standard to the limitation of nuclear weapons throughout the world. Mr Bethell claims that, â€Å"Ever since the end of the Cold War, the threat of nuclear warfare has declined,†1 despite the fact that at any second, any country can be destroyed with the push of a single button. Nuclear weapons are probably the biggest threat in the world today. The belief that there should be nuclear weapons in the world is supported by Tom Bethell who is a Washington correspondent for the American Spectator. Mr. Bethell basically writes about how the U.S. has practically stopped the production of nuclear weapons. He also explains that now that the U.S. has delayed production, they are behind in the technological aspect of nuclear weapons compared to other nuclear weapon countries. Mr. Bethell states the stoppage of testing by saying, â€Å"The refusal to allow further testing ensures that nuclear weapons technology will become increasingly outdated.†1 Mr. Bethell also claims that because of the shut down of the plants, the, â€Å"Weapons plants were stigmatized as contaminated sites, ‘hot spots,’ sources of hazardous waste.†1 Also, Mr. Bethell states that, â€Å"The Department of Energy has estimated that cleaning up these sites will cost $300 billion – more than the annual defense budget.†1 Mr. Bethell’s main point of the article is that because of the closing of the plants, and the stoppage of the testings of nuclear weapons, the U.S. will feel less secure because they will be so far behind the major nuclear countries (Russia, France, China) in the technological aspect of nuclear weapons. Mr. Bethell asks the question, â€Å"Will we feel more... Free Essays on Nuclear Weapons Free Essays on Nuclear Weapons Nuclear Weapons The controlling of nuclear weapons dates back to the first ineffective arms negotiations at the, â€Å"Hague Conferences which took place in 1899 and 1907,†1 as stated by Tom Bethell in his article â€Å"No Nukes America†. Many conferences such as the Hague Conference, have set a standard to the limitation of nuclear weapons throughout the world. Mr Bethell claims that, â€Å"Ever since the end of the Cold War, the threat of nuclear warfare has declined,†1 despite the fact that at any second, any country can be destroyed with the push of a single button. Nuclear weapons are probably the biggest threat in the world today. The belief that there should be nuclear weapons in the world is supported by Tom Bethell who is a Washington correspondent for the American Spectator. Mr. Bethell basically writes about how the U.S. has practically stopped the production of nuclear weapons. He also explains that now that the U.S. has delayed production, they are behind in the technological aspect of nuclear weapons compared to other nuclear weapon countries. Mr. Bethell states the stoppage of testing by saying, â€Å"The refusal to allow further testing ensures that nuclear weapons technology will become increasingly outdated.†1 Mr. Bethell also claims that because of the shut down of the plants, the, â€Å"Weapons plants were stigmatized as contaminated sites, ‘hot spots,’ sources of hazardous waste.†1 Also, Mr. Bethell states that, â€Å"The Department of Energy has estimated that cleaning up these sites will cost $300 billion – more than the annual defense budget.†1 Mr. Bethell’s main point of the article is that because of the closing of the plants, and the stoppage of the testings of nuclear weapons, the U.S. will feel less secure because they will be so far behind the major nuclear countries (Russia, France, China) in the technological aspect of nuclear weapons. Mr. Bethell asks the question, â€Å"Will we feel more... Free Essays on Nuclear Weapons Argument: States coexist in anarchy and the self-help principal action in an anarchic order is gained by security Nuclear Deterrence and Nuclear Defense equates to an ideal security since this combination presents both a strong guard in the presence of an attack while conversely equally strong prevention in terms of the effective punishment for the aggressor (anticipation of threat must be genuine). â€Å"Why fight if you can’t win much and might lose everything?†-exemplifies the authors mind frame in terms of the existence of nuclear weapons in war mentality. The concept of certainty becomes definable when using nuclear weapons in war. In conventional war an aggressor would pose war knowing that although uncertain about the outcome, destruction will be limited. With the introduction of nuclear warheads however the state and surrounding areas would be annihilated-with certainty! The knowledge of their being a severe outcome with the use of nuclear weapons, states would focus on avoidance when approaching the thought of war. Fear of nuclear weapons falling into wrong hands are unfounded due to the nature of a nuclear attack Use with â€Å"blackmail† would be a â€Å"cheap and decisive offensive force against conventional enemies† Theoretical Perspective and Why: Waltz is arguing from a realist theoretical perspective mainly because of his views on conflict. His essay is based around the use of nuclear weapons as a means to participate with other states in conflict. Where a Liberal Plurist would seek to explore cooperation and communication Waltz’s realist account sees the use of â€Å"blackmail† with nuclear weapon as an â€Å"offensive force†. Defining terminology for a realist emphasizes, â€Å"States, Power and Anarchy†. Waltz asserts that, â€Å"States coexist in a condition of anarchy†¦states must help themselves by providing for their own security†. His argument furthermore reflects the c...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Definition and Examples of World English

Definition and Examples of World English The term World English (or World Englishes) refers to the  English language as it is variously used throughout the world. Also known as international English and Global English. The English language is now spoken in more than 100 countries. Varieties of World English include American English, Australian English, Babu English, Banglish, British English, Canadian English, Caribbean English, Chicano English, Chinese English, Denglish (Denglisch), Euro-English,Hinglish, Indian English, Irish English, Japanese English, New Zealand English, Nigerian English, Philippine English, Scottish English, Singapore English, South African English, Spanglish, Taglish, Welsh English, West African Pidgin English, and Zimbabwean English. Linguist Braj Kachru has divided the varieties of World English into three concentric circles: inner, outer, and expanding. Although these labels are imprecise and in some ways misleading, many scholars would agree with Paul Bruthiaux that they offer a useful shorthand for classifying contexts of English world-wide (Squaring the Circles in the International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2003). For a simple graphic of Braj Kachrus circle model of World Englishes, visit page eight  of the slideshow  World Englishes: Approaches, Issues, and Resources.Author Henry Hitchings has observed that the term World English is still in use, but is contested by critics who believe it strikes too strong a note of dominance (The Language Wars, 2011). A Phase in the History of English World English has been defined as a phase in the history of the English language. This phase has witnessed the transformation of English from the mother tongue of a handful of nations to a language being used by far more speakers in non-mother tongue settings. The changes that have accompanied this spreadthe multiplicity of varietiesresult not from the faulty and imperfect learning of the non-mother tongue speakers, but from the nature of the process of microacquisition, language spread and change.(Janina Brutt-Griffler, World English. Multilingual, 2002) Standardized Patterns The global spread of English, its causes and consequences, have long been a focus of critical discussion. One of the main concerns has been that of standardization. This is also because, unlike other international languages such as Spanish and French, English lacks any official body setting and prescribing the norms of the language. This apparent linguistic anarchy has generated a tension between those who seek stability of the code through some form of convergence and the forces of linguistic diversity that are inevitably set in motion when new demands are made on a language that has assumed a global role of such immense proportions.One consequence of the global predominance that English has gained over the last few decades is that today non-native speakers of English far outnumber its native speakers (Graddol 1997, Crystal 2003).(Rani Rubdy and Mario Saraceni, Introduction to  English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. Continuum, 2006)[A]lthough world English is varied, ce rtain varieties and registers are fairly tightly controlled, often through standardized patterns of use . . .. Thus, there is a marked uniformity in the following arenas:(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Guide to World English. Oxford University Press, 2002)AirportsIn the public usage of international airports, where, on signboards, English is often twinned with other languages, and announcements are commonly in English or are multilingual including EnglishNewspapers and periodicalsEnglish-language broadsheet newspapers and magazine-style periodicals, in which the texts are tightly edited . . .Broadcast mediaThe programming of CNN, the BBC, and other especially TV news-and-views services, in which presentational formulas and formats are at least as crucial as in newspapersComputer use, email, and the Internet/WebIn such computer and Internet services as those offered by Microsoft . . .. Teaching World English The UK needs to abandon its outdated attitudes to English and embrace new forms of the language to maintain its influence in the global market, the leftwing thinktank Demos said today.In a series of recommendations, the report, As you like it: Catching up in an age of global English, says that far from being corruptions of English, new versions of the language, such as Chinglish and Singlish (Chinese and Singaporean varieties of English) have values that we must learn to accommodate and relate to.It says the UK should focus English teaching on how the language is now used around the world, not according to arcane strictures of how it should be spoken and written. . . .The reports authors, Samuel Jones and Peter Bradwell, say change is vital if the UK wants to maintain its influence around the world. . . .We have retained ways of thinking about the English language that were more suited to empire than they are to a modern, globalised world and we are at risk of becoming outdated, says the report.(Liz Ford, UK Must Embrace Modern English, Report Warns. The Guardian [UK], March 15, 2007) Alternate Spellings: world English

Saturday, October 19, 2019

What is Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Leadership - Essay Example Through this definition it is evident that leadership involves inspiring a shared vision while involving everybody in the organization in the process. Through effective leadership, employee motivation and dedication is achieved. Leadership need not be seen as a title or a position. "Leadership is everybodys business† means that everybody is empowered to think lengthily, fashion a vision, and move towards the vision for the overall success of the set objectives. â€Å"Everyone’s business’ characterizes the relationship between the two parties; the leader and the employee. This means it is everybody’s responsibility to achieve success (Northouse, 2010). Previously, leadership measures were stringent, in that the leader was responsible for every direction. Presently, employees yearn for responsibility and each of them may be considered a leader in their own manner (Kouzes and Posner, 2012). There are several desirable results that are realized if a leader lets employees be engaged in leadership. For instance, there is employee motivation and trust among colleagues. In addition, the leader can concentrate on other important projects and assign minor leadership duties to the employees . â€Å"Leadership is not an affair of the head, but rather an affair of the heart† means that leadership encompasses being in love. Leaders must treat their workforces as humans and equals. The challenges that exist in an organization should not result in unnecessary distress for the workforce. â€Å"†¦an affair of the heart† is best explained in terms of behaviour. The leader should be mindful of the emotions of the workers in an openhearted manner. Practically speaking, it is about treatment of employees as equals. When a leader takes a course of action, he/she must postulate the impact it may have on the workforce and take remedial measures (Fairholm, 2009). Through this, there is bound to be less tension in the organization and enthusiasm to work. In most cases, the workforce

Friday, October 18, 2019

Stock Market Assignment Part II--Retirement Plan Requirements Research Paper

Stock Market Assignment Part II--Retirement Plan Requirements - Research Paper Example I will live off 25 years depends on my retirement account. Average age of living of my past family members is 85 years and for this reason I have estimated this time duration of living for my life. Now, I am 25 years old and I have started earning from this year only. I want to cover the basic cost of living of my total family so that the children do not need to concentrate on savings. So, with this post retirement regular annual income I will cover the annual cost of my family. After retirement my cost of living will be minim um in terms of the essentials and regular expenses like the EMI of house loan and car loan will not be needed at that time. Apart from these regular expenses education will also be not needed at that time because children will become established and will be the earning family members when I will be retire from my job. So, I am expecting to get an annual post retirement withdrawal amount of at least 25% of the last annual income. I need this amount to be increased every year because of possibility of the increase of the inflation rate. This will result to increase in cost of living. So as the pre retirement income increases every year, the post retirement annual withdrawal amount will need to be increased. For getting 25% of the last annual of income after the 60 years of my age I need to save 20% of my total annual income. Rate of saving need I will increase at rate of increase in the annual income and for th8is purpose I am also cons idering the average inflation rate and the average percentage increase based on the past five years growth rate. I do not want a fixed amount after my retirement and for this reason I want a regular income from my savings and also this income from needs to be increasing in order each year so that I can withdraw increasing amount each year after my retirement. For this amount of withdrawal I have to save 20% of savings each year with increase rate of savings of 1.5% due to the

Rene Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rene Descartes - Essay Example entitlement can be attributed to both a move from the conventional scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy and the projection and spread of the contemporary mechanistic sciences for which Descartes made effort. Descartes deviated from the scholastic philosophies in two ways. Firstly, the scholastic’s method was doubted because it draws upon sensation as the origin of knowledge. Secondly, Descartes desired a replacement of the scientific explanation’s causal model with the contemporary mechanistic model. Descartes used a method of doubt to achieve this. The fundamental strategy Descartes proposed to evaluate any kind of philosophy was to consider it false if there is even slightest doubt about it. â€Å"This â€Å"hyperbolic doubt† then serves to clear the way for what Descartes considers to be an unprejudiced search for the truth† (Skirry). Concluding, Descartes introduced a rational way of evaluating arguments by measuring them on the scale of skepticism. I personally think that Descartes has influenced our thinking and accordingly our lifestyles in the modern age. He is indeed the first main philosopher who has made a concerted effort for the decline of skepticism in the modern

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Walt Disney Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Walt Disney Company - Research Paper Example From Mickey Mouse series to Silly Symphony, Walt Disney, the founder, continued to foster a culture of creativity and innovation and his precision which lead the company to become one of the most successful and diversified corporations (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). From the success of animated cartoons, which won various Academy awards, the company soon developed related merchandise and initiated another stream of revenue that was followed by a new venture in action films including Treasure Islands and the television show during Christmas time. After the death of Walt, his vision was articulately carried on by his brother Roy, who carried out construction of the Disney land theme park as envisioned by his brother, on the 28,000 acres of land he had purchased in Florida and was later opened in Tokyo and Paris. After Roy’s death the company was then taken over by Card Walker, Donn Tatum and Ron Miller, all of which were initially trained by the Disney Brothers (DATAMONITOR, 2 011). The Disney Company then initiated its Disney channel in 1983 featured by Touchstone Pictures, its film label. The company remained under hostile pressures for takeover in early 1980s as its stocks remained undervalued and was eventually taken over by a new management. Soon after the Disney movies took a toll and collaborations with the filmmakers including George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola resulted in the opening of Splash Mountain. The company then expanded further to include luxury resorts in its portfolio. Establishment of Hollywood Records, stage production with Beauty and Beast, cruise line business were some of the more developments that took place (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). One of the most prominent events was Disney’s $19 billion acquisition of Capital Cities (ABC Network). This acquisition, the second largest in the United States, not only resulted in 10 TV station, 7 daily newspapers and 21 radio stations but also enabled Disney to own positions in t he cable networks including Lifetime, History Chanel, A&E and ESPN, which alone is worth $19billion today. Another important acquisition came in 2006 when Robert Iger, the then CEO of the company, decided to acquire Pixar Animation, a creative powerhouse which became one of the most successful partnerships in Disney’s history. The intensive growth strategy of Disney continued in 2009 when it acquired Marvel Entertainment Inc. for $4.24 billion (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). Company Portfolio; Operations and Major Holdings The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate of the world, with extensive operations in more than 40 countries around the world with its headquarters in Burbank, California United States. In terms of its size, Walt Disney has been recognized as one of the largest companies of the world by Fortune 500 with a total number of employees amounting to 144,000 as per the year 2011. The stockholder’s equity amounted to a whopping $33,734 millio n (DATAMONITOR, 2011). Disney has a diversified portfolio and its major holdings have continued to increase over time. Walt Disney Motions Picture Group is one of flagship holdings that are also one of the best studios of Hollywood. It acquired ABC network along with its broadcasting television and radio stations. Walt

Multi-frequency Impedance System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multi-frequency Impedance System - Essay Example Molecules. In hemolyzed blood, red blood cells (RBC) are disrupted , so with their intracellular material that being is discharged into the liquid. Thus, the electrical properties of the blood and the haemolyzed blood are basically very different. Whole blood presents , and dispersion, however, almost no dispersion (Schwan, 1983). RBCs are not good conductors of electrical current in a low frequency range as compared with the plasma or extracellular medium which surrounds them. 5. To avoid sedimentation effects, two terminal experiment setup which will included a horizontal cylinder measurement cell design shall be employed. The cylinder measurement cell design basically will allow laminar blood flow. Other than the cylinder, sophisticated instrument may also be used; 6. The TAS system will be very significant instruments in the experimental process and shares with the multi-frequency system which is developed by Oh, et al (2006). These instruments include: PC with USB port, TAS software, intra-network controller, main controller with USB interface, multiple ammeters, constant sinusoidal voltage source, hand-held electrode, switches, scan probe of electrodes, and dc power supply. .

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Walt Disney Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Walt Disney Company - Research Paper Example From Mickey Mouse series to Silly Symphony, Walt Disney, the founder, continued to foster a culture of creativity and innovation and his precision which lead the company to become one of the most successful and diversified corporations (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). From the success of animated cartoons, which won various Academy awards, the company soon developed related merchandise and initiated another stream of revenue that was followed by a new venture in action films including Treasure Islands and the television show during Christmas time. After the death of Walt, his vision was articulately carried on by his brother Roy, who carried out construction of the Disney land theme park as envisioned by his brother, on the 28,000 acres of land he had purchased in Florida and was later opened in Tokyo and Paris. After Roy’s death the company was then taken over by Card Walker, Donn Tatum and Ron Miller, all of which were initially trained by the Disney Brothers (DATAMONITOR, 2 011). The Disney Company then initiated its Disney channel in 1983 featured by Touchstone Pictures, its film label. The company remained under hostile pressures for takeover in early 1980s as its stocks remained undervalued and was eventually taken over by a new management. Soon after the Disney movies took a toll and collaborations with the filmmakers including George Lucas and Francis Ford Coppola resulted in the opening of Splash Mountain. The company then expanded further to include luxury resorts in its portfolio. Establishment of Hollywood Records, stage production with Beauty and Beast, cruise line business were some of the more developments that took place (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). One of the most prominent events was Disney’s $19 billion acquisition of Capital Cities (ABC Network). This acquisition, the second largest in the United States, not only resulted in 10 TV station, 7 daily newspapers and 21 radio stations but also enabled Disney to own positions in t he cable networks including Lifetime, History Chanel, A&E and ESPN, which alone is worth $19billion today. Another important acquisition came in 2006 when Robert Iger, the then CEO of the company, decided to acquire Pixar Animation, a creative powerhouse which became one of the most successful partnerships in Disney’s history. The intensive growth strategy of Disney continued in 2009 when it acquired Marvel Entertainment Inc. for $4.24 billion (The Walt Disney Company, 2012). Company Portfolio; Operations and Major Holdings The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate of the world, with extensive operations in more than 40 countries around the world with its headquarters in Burbank, California United States. In terms of its size, Walt Disney has been recognized as one of the largest companies of the world by Fortune 500 with a total number of employees amounting to 144,000 as per the year 2011. The stockholder’s equity amounted to a whopping $33,734 millio n (DATAMONITOR, 2011). Disney has a diversified portfolio and its major holdings have continued to increase over time. Walt Disney Motions Picture Group is one of flagship holdings that are also one of the best studios of Hollywood. It acquired ABC network along with its broadcasting television and radio stations. Walt

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Nursing Care Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nursing Care Plan - Assignment Example Discuss with the client the entries in the notebook and teach alternative responses to maladaptive behaviors. Ventilation of feelings provides a release of emotional tension. It will also facilitate the exploration of underlying reasons of committing suicide. Active listening and silence allows the client to verbalize feelings, anger and fear (Townsend 2003). Community resources and crisis centers provide adequate social support. Phone numbers of these agencies are helpful for the client especially when there is a sudden impulse to commit suicide (Videbect, p.365). Furthermore, client reported â€Å"having no suicidal ideation† and â€Å"desire to live life and correct mistakes†. She identified community resources and phone numbers to call at the first instance of impulse to harm self. The client gained independence in deciding to engage in individual psychotherapy and counseling. In addition, client kept a record of her emotions and developed insights as to the situations that cause her to think about committing suicide. With a non- judgmental attitude, provide feedback for each client attempts to interact with other people. Help the client identify her negative behaviors and practice by role- playing on alternative ways on communicating effectively. After learning to interact with the nurse, the client can be ready to engage in group interaction. Recognizing the client’s absence in each group activity reinforces the idea that the client is valued and her feelings are being considered (Townsend 2003). Client attempts of interaction need to be corrected as necessary to ensure that the client develops effective techniques of communication. Role- playing facilitates learning and strengthens therapeutic nurse- client relationship (Townsend 2003). Cognitive restructuring aims to replace negative thoughts with positive ones. Thought- stopping intends to halt the negative patterns of self- thought by

Monday, October 14, 2019

Corporate Strategy Essay Example for Free

Corporate Strategy Essay In Corporate Strategy, Collis and Montgomery explain there are two kinds of diversification—linked and constrained. Companies using linked diversification enter new businesses when it relates in some way to another business they are already in (it is linked to it), but does not necessarily have any connection to their other businesses. If they are using constrained diversification, however, they only enter a new business if it is based on their core resources or competencies. Companies based on linked diversification have little coherence to their overall corporate strategy, while companies using constrained diversification tend to be more focused. Constrained diversification allows companies to maximize the effect of their resources because they are shared (100). Apple uses constrained diversification. Apple is, inherently, a personal computer company (hardware and software), and their businesses utilize their competencies in developing hardware and software. The Macintosh, iPad, iPhone, iPod and AppleTV are all computers, which allows Apple to share resources between businesses. For example, the Macintosh, iPad, iPhone and AppleTV all run OS X, Apple’s operating system. This creates economies of scope, which, Collis and Montgomery point out, create cost savings for the company because their resources are shared across multiple businesses (72). Rather than just have related businesses, though, each business is a focused platform with no extraneous products or product types. The Macintosh, for example, consists of two kinds—desktop and notebook. These separate product lines each share resources and complement each other. The iMac and MacBook Pro are both primarily constructed from aluminum and glass, so not only do they share the same materials (which reduces costs), but they resemble each other, creating unity between product lines. Each platform, too, complements the other. Apple’s Macintosh computers sync their media and personal data (calendar, contacts, email) seamlessly with the other platforms. Because they work so well together, owning products from each platform benefits users by creating an experience where their devices â€Å"just work.† The platform advantage does not apply just to Apple’s devices. Through iTunes, users can purchase music, movies and television shows that syncs across all of their devices, or even do so from their iPhone or iPad. The App Store allows users to download applications for their iPhones and iPads wherever they are, and now the iBook Store, released in April, will allow them to do the same with books. Because Apple has chosen what businesses to enter carefully, these platforms reinforce the others and make them more powerful. The sum is greater than the parts. This creates a complete package for consumers to choose, and it is difficult for competitors to match. Their platform strategy makes each individual business more valuable than it would be as a separate entity. Their strategy can be improved, however. Currently, MobileMe—a service Apple offers that keeps contacts, calendar, and email in sync across multiple devices over the air—is a premium service that costs $99 per year. This is the wrong approach. Rather than a premium service, MobileMe should be free and integrated into Apple’s platforms. MobileMe should act like the â€Å"glue† that integrates the platforms and as a draw for users. Apple’s goal should be to get as many MobileMe users as possible. Once someone is happily using MobileMe across their various devices, they are less likely to switch to a competitor’s product.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Glucose Tolerance Tests Accuracy In Diagnosing Diabetes

Glucose Tolerance Tests Accuracy In Diagnosing Diabetes According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 220 million people worldwide have diabetes. An estimated 1.1 million people died from diabetes in 2005, and almost half of diabetic deaths occurred in people under the age of 70 years of age. WHO projects that the number of diabetic deaths will increase to 366 million by the year 2030 (8). Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 is a prevalent disorder that causes one to have high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia can be the result from one or a combination of 1) decrease production of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas; 2) increase sugar production from the liver; 3) decrease sugar uptake by cells secondary to insulin receptors. Symptoms of DMII are excess urination, excess thirst, dizziness, blurred vision, sweating, and fatigue. Patients presenting with these symptoms should be screened by a finger stick, where a blood sample is taken from a quick prick of the finger, to be tested for hyperglycemia. Normal blood sugar should range from 70-100mg. If one has a fasting sugar of >126mg or an after eating sugar level > 200mg, then an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be performed. During an OGTT, a patient consumes a 150-200g carbohydrate diet for three days and fasts from midnight prior to test date. The morning of test, the patient consumes 75g sugar mixe d with 300ml of water within a 5 minute period. The patients blood sugar level is be measured at baseline, and then again at 120 minutes. A diagnosis of DMII is made if the baseline level is >126 mg and the 120 minute level is >200mg. These guidelines are set by the American Diabetic Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (1,8). Another option for obtaining a blood sugar level is measuring the percent of glycosylated red blood cells, or the percent of sugar attached to a RBC. RBCs live for approximately 90 days in the human body. By measuring this percentile one can observe the patients blood sugar level over the previous 3 months and not just at the moment an OGTT is performed. Today, HbA1c is a main tool for following metabolic control in persons with diabetes(5). A HbA1c > 6.0 percent should permit a diagnosis of DMII, but is not at this time a definite diagnostic tool. Diabetes can cause complications of multiple organ systems. WHO defines consequences of diabetes as follows: Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. 50% of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease (primarily heart disease and stroke). Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers and eventual limb amputation. Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. After 15 years of diabetes, approximately 2% of people become blind, and about 10% develop severe visual impairment. Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure. 10-20% of people with diabetes die of kidney failure. Diabetic neuropathy is damage to the nerves as a result of diabetes, and affects up to 50% of people with diabetes. Although many different problems can occur as a result of diabetic neuropathy, common symptoms are tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness in the feet and hands. The overall risk of dying among people with diabetes is at least double the risk of their peers without diabetes (8). Previous studies have showed that better control of plasma glucose levels reduced the risk of developing long-term complications pertaining to diabetes (4). A higher HbA1c correlates well with the likelihood of developing chronic complications such as the ones listed above. This study is designed to explore if a HbA1c be used to diagnose diabetes. Observations suggest that a reliable measure of chronic glycemic levels such as HbA1c, which captures the degree of glucose exposure over time and which is related more intimately to the risk of complications than single or episodic measures of glucose levels, may serve as a better biochemical marker of diabetes and should be considered a diagnostic tool (2). As for the current gold standard for diagnosing diabetes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has its limitations (2). These include high interindividual variability, low reproducibility compared to FPG, poor compliance with the conditions needed to perform the test correctly, and is cumbersome and time-consuming for medical staff and patients (4). Due to these factors one may ask, Is a HbA1c or an OGTT more accurate at diagnosing new onset diabetes mellitus type 2 in a patient presenting with hyperglycemia? By exploring this question and answering it from an evidence-based approach, the answer may help clinicians advance to an easier and less time consuming way to diagnose diabetes mellitus type II. CLINICAL CASE A 57 year old African American male presented to the outpatient office with symptoms of dizziness, blurred vision, polydipsia, and polyuria. He has a significant history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The patient was unclear when his symptoms started. Upon evaluation in the office, the patient was noted to have a marked glucose elevation of 420. An in-house HbA1c was also noted at 13.0. Upon further questioning, the patient has not been taking any medications for diabetes, and is currently taking Lisinopril and Zocor for his other medical conditions. Due to the presenting symptoms and lab results, the patient was admitted to the hospital for hyperosmolar nonketotic hyperglycemic state. METHODS A PubMed search was performed by using the Clinical queries and Diagnosis filters. The terms A1c AND diagnosis AND diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin AND diagnosis AND diabetes were used to search the site for relating articles. With these search terms, a total of 176 hits revealed articles pertaining to the requested information. Articles that met all inclusion criteria for the research were evaluated and assigned a type/level of evidence. In order to be included in this evidence-based study, articles had to meet the following inclusion criteria: Articles must be cohort studies. Studies must not be > 6 years old. Articles must have participants with impaired glucose levels or symptoms of impaired glucose. Studies must include evidence of OGTT or FPG and HbA1c. Studies must have a significant number of participants to produce a significant result (n > 375). Any articles that did not specifically relate to diagnosing DMII with a HbA1c were excluded. Articles that were not cohort studies, were older than six years, did not have participants with impaired glucose, or did not have a significant amount of participants were excluded. Certain articles that appeared in the PubMed search were strictly review articles. These papers were reviewed, and if applicable, may be used to provided supporting factors about pathophysiology/ epidemiology of diabetes type II and its diagnostic criteria. Articles that met all inclusion criteria were evaluated and assigned a level of evidence using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence worksheet. RESULTS Study #1: Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: in Primary Care, Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Do the Job Study Design: This study was performed at the Raval Sud Primary Care Center in Barcelona, Spain and was begun in 1992. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of glycosylated hemoglobin values as a method to diagnose type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population at risk seen in primary care. Four hundred fifty four subjects were selected to participate in the study. The population served by the Raval Sud Center is characterized by it low evonomic level, high rate of immigration, and high rate of morbidity and mortality for certain diseases and disorders. Inclusion criteria for eligible participants had at least on e of the risk factors for developing DMII described in the ADA guidelines. These included family history of DMII, personal history of carbohydrate intolerance or gestational diabletes, prolonged use of a drug able to raise glucose levels, obesity with a body mass index > 30, hypertension, HDL-cholesterol levels 250 mg/dL. Persons who did not wish to take part in the study were excluded. For the purpose of this particular study, data was recorded from the time the patient was included in the Raval Sud Care Center. The study then used a cross-sectional analytical design to validate a diagnostic test. (4) Study Conduct: Subjects were interviewed and variables were recorded for each participant. These included sociodemographic characteristics such as age and sex, clinical characteristics such as BMI and blood pressure, and laboratory values including fasting plasma glucose in a venous blood sample, oral glucose tolerance test after a 75g glucose overload, and a HbA1c measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. To standardize the results for the HbA1c, the absolute values were recalculated in terms of the number of standard deviations above the mean. FPG and OGTT values were based on the WHO criteria as having normal, impaired, or DMII glucose levels. (4) Study Results: The distribution of demographic characteristics and laboratory findings are shown in Table 1. The study found that plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in normal subjects than in subjects with abnormal glucose levels (IFG or OGTT) and even lower in subjects with abnormal glucose levels than in patients with diabetes (P 5.94% (mean, +3SD), the diagnosis of DMII is reliable and accurate in 93% of the cases. Table 4 shows the diagnostic validity of a combined strategy of FPG and HbA1c values: patients were considered to have DMII when FPG > 125 mg/dL, or when FPG >110 mg/dL and HbA1c was greater than the cutoff value. Maximal efficacy (93% GV) was found for HbA1c > 5.94% (x +3SD), with a sensitivity of 92.2% and a specificity of 95.1%. (4) Study Critique: It has been confirmed that the relationship between circulating glucose values and the onset of chronic complications exists. Thus, it is logical for the diagnosis of DMII to be based on glucose values. One of the main problems in this particular study was to define and establish a cutoff point for this continuous quantitative variable. This study analyzed different cutoff points for the whole sample of patients at risk for DMII. When HbA1c values > 5.51% (x +2SD), were used for the cutoff point for diagnosis of DMII, the sensitivity (76%) and specificity (85%) were acceptable. However, when a higher cutoff point was used, specificity increased, but only at the expense of reduced sensitivity. Due to this situation, the study designed a strategy for diagnosis based on the FPG values and the validity of HbA1c. (4) Level of Evidence: 1c Study #2: Comparison of A1c and Fasting Glucose Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes Among U.S. Adults Study Design: This study included participants from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants included 6,890 adults (>20 years of age), without a self-reported history of diabetes. The subjects attended a morning examination, fasted for > 9 hours at the time of their blood collection, and had valid plasma glucose and HbA1c values taken. Participants were categorized into one of the four groups by presence or absence of fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL and HbA1c > 6.5%. The distribution of the population into these groupings was determined and the K statistic value was calculated. Also, the distribution of U.S. adults by fasting glucose and different HbA1c cutoff points (6.0-6.7%) were calculated. The objective for this study was to compare A1c and fasting glucose for the diagnosis of diabetes among U.S. adults. (6) Study Conduct: Data was collected through questionnaires (demographics, medical history), a physical examination (blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference), and blood collection (lipids, plasma glucose, HbA1c). The plasma glucose was measured by using a modified hexokinase enzymatic method and the HbA1c using a high-performance liquid chromatography. (6) Study Results: This study concludes that an HbA1c of > 6.5%, along with a FPG >125 mg/dL demonstrates reasonable agreement for diagnosing diabetes. 1.8% of the participants were classified as having diabetes with a HbA1c > 6.5% and a fasting glucose >126 mg/dL. Among participants with a HbA1c 125 mg/dL, 45% had an A1c value > 6.0% but less than 6.5%. According to A1c guidelines, this value poses an elevated risk for diabetes. Table A1 shows a distribution of adults by fasting glucose and different HbA1c cutoff points. From this table, the lower the HbA1c cutoff points results in higher sensitivity and lower specificity. (6) Study Critique: In this study, certain participants had discordant results such as a HbA1c > 6.5% and a fasting glucose of Study #3: A1c and Diabetes Diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study Study Design: The Rancho Bernardo Study included 2, 107 participants without known DMII, who had an OGTT and a HbA1c between 1984 and 1987. This cross-sectional study of community dwelling adults was provided written informed consent and laboratory data was performed. (3) Study Conduct: HbA1c was measured with high performance liquid chromatography using an automated analyzer. Ophthalmologic evaluation was also performed on the subjects. This was done by using nonmydriatic retinal photography. Sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c cutoff points for DMII were calculated, along with K coefficients which were used to test for agreement between A1c values and diabetes status. The objective for this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for DMII in older adults. (3) Study Results: For this study the HbA1c cutoff value was 6.5%. This value had a sensitivity of 44% and a specificity of 79%. A lower A1c cutoff point of 6.15% yielded the highest sensitivity at 63% but a lower specificity at 60%. If one were to use this cutoff value, it would miss one-third of those with DMII by the American Diabetes Association guidelines. It would also misclassify one-third of those without DMII. Using the HbA1c value of 6.5% as the cutoff point, the agreement with DMII diagnosis was low (K coefficient was 0.119). In order to compare A1c and ADA criteria with DMII complications, the study looked at participants with some degree of retinopathy. Of the participants who had retinopathy, 40% had and A1c > 6.5% and none had DMII by ADA criteria. This study concluded that the limited sensitivity of the A1c value cutoff may result in missed or delayed diagnosis of DMII, whereas the use of current OGTT criteria will fail to identify a high proportion of individuals with hi gh A1c values, which correlate with long term complications of DMII. (3) Study Critique: This study was performed on a much older population than the other studies examined in this paper. It has its benefits and disadvantages for surveying a population in which there mean age was 69.4. The advantage is that the U.S. elderly population has the greatest current burden and is expected to have the greatest increase in the prevalence of DMII. On the other hand, the disadvantage to having such an older subject population is that it limited the HbA1c cutoff values to that particular population. In a previous critique of an article one of the concerns was the fact that there are different aspects of glucose metabolism. It would have been supportive if the article addressed the age of their participants and compared them with the study results. (3) Level of Evidence: 1c Study #4: Diagnostic value of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for the early detection of diabetes in high-risk subjects Study Design: This study was performed by collecting data from the Bundang CHA General Hospital database. A total of 392 subjects who had an abnormal random plasma glucose, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, a macrosomic baby, or a severe obesity were selected to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria included a previous history of diabetes of other endocrinopathies, pregnancy, abnormal liver or renal function tests, a history of major surgery, severe illness, blood transfusion within the previous 6 months, and weight loss > 3kg during the past three months. After an overnight fasting, blood samples were drawn from all participating subjects to include FPG and HbA1c values. (7) Study Conduct: Glucose concentrations were measured using the glucose oxidase method on a autoanalyzer. The HbA1c values were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. All statistical analysis was performed and the best predictive cutoff values for FPG and A1c for detecting patients with new diabetes were identified using the optimal sensitivity/specificity values determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. (7) Study Results: Figure 1 shows the ROC plot representing the sensitivity and specificity for the HbA1c and the FPG in detecting undiagnosed DMII. From this study, the optimal cutoff value for HbA1c was 6.1% and for FPG was 6.1 mmol/l. The sensitivity/specificity for the HbA1c cutoff value was 81.8% and 84.9% respectively. Table 1 shows the results from the combination of using FPG and HbA1c. This study demonstrated that HbA1c was very useful to screen for diabetes in high-risk patients and the combined use of HbA1c and FPG made up for the lack of sensitivity in FPG alone. (7) Study Critique: This studys subjects were only Korean, therefore making the population very ethnically limited. It would have been beneficial to have seen the population more diverse and to notice the change in results. Also, the study stated that an OGTT was performed, yet a confirmation status of repeat testing was not recorded. This would have been beneficial to have in order to compare results to the FPG and HbA1c values obtained for cutoff for diagnosing DMII. (7) Level of Evidence: 1c DISCUSSION The purpose if this study was to assess if a HbA1c was sufficient enough to make a unknown diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. From these studies one can gather that a HbA1c is adequate for making a new diagnosis for DMII. The following chart compares the specificity and sensitivity of each HbA1c from each study critiqued in this study. Also, each study uses a different HbA1c cutoff that they gathered from their cohort or cross-sectional study which is also included in the chart below. Study Sensitivity Specificity HbA1c used for Diagnosis Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: in Primary Care, Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Do the Job 63.3% 93.4% 5.94% Comparison of A1c and Fasting Glucose Criteria to Diagnose Diabetes Among U.S. Adults 72.5% 96.5% > 6.0% A1c and Diabetes Diagnosis: The Rancho Bernardo Study 44% 79% 6.5% Diagnostic value of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for the early detection of diabetes in high-risk subjects 81.8% 84.9% 6.1% Study #1 discussed the option of performing a combination of HbA1c and a FPG test. This exhibited to be most the most poignant result with a specificity/sensitivity of 92.2 and 95.1, respectively. In study #2, it also agreed that a HbA1c and a FPG level provided the most assured diagnosis for DMII. However, this study had the most discordant results and was probably due to the fact of its subject population. It stated that the results may have been due to the fact that assessment of different aspects of glucose metabolism was present (6). Study #3 was performed on a much older population, and focused on the importance of following HbA1c levels to help prevent long term complications of DMII. However, it also stated that a HbA1c would also have a higher sensitivity and specificity if it were performed along with a FPG test. Finally, study #4 agreed on the fact that a HbA1c was very sufficient for screening for DMII, and that it provided much support for diagnosing DMII along with a FP G. CONCLUSION This study provided that a HbA1c of approximately 6.0% is a great support to help making the diagnosis of DMII along with a FPG > 125. Some studies have suggested that a HbA1c of this value is suggestive of a diagnosis, however, the studies above advocate that FPG levels should also be obtained to solidify the actually diagnosis of DMII. However, in a recent publication from the JAAP, it states thatan A1c value of 6.5% higher as diagnostic. This value appears to be the level at which a person is at risk for developing the complications of diabetes. A diagnosis should be confirmed with a repeat A1c test, unless clinical symptoms and a glucose level higher than 200 mg/dL are present (5). From this statement one can confer that the patient described above in the clinical case portion of this paper, does indeed warrant the diagnosis of DMII on the basis of a HbA1c of 13.0%, the presence of clinical symptoms, and the glucose elevation of 420 mg/dL.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Jacksonian Era Essay examples -- papers President Andrew Jackson Age o

The Jacksonian Era (1824-1848) Although the â€Å"Age of Jackson† wasn’t a time era, which brought forth a great political, social, or economic freedom and equality to the U.S., it did in fact put our country through a metamorphosis in our political lives of the nation. The start of a new presidency (Jackson’s presidency) was accompanied by huge numbers of Hickoryites (Jacksonian supporters) and official hopefuls. Many of these hopefuls were granted their desire of holding office, which is one of the changes brought into Washington by Andrew Jackson. The major accomplishments of Jackson during his presidency pertain to his rural upbringing and democratic beliefs. To name a couple of Jackson’s memorable accomplishments and decisions not only politically, but economically were his nationalization of the spoils system, the Tariff of Abominations, his presidency in general, the Indian Policy, and his democratic views and ways of governing the nation. Prior to the presidency of Andrew Jackson, the system of appointing officials was under the â€Å"ideal of holding office during good behavior†, which led to the holding of positions by aged and incapable politicians who were not properly qualified for the tasks and jobs needed to be carried out. On the other hand, Jackson had appointed officials from all walks of life to promote the equality principles of democracy. Jackson also advocated â€Å"rotation in office†, which meant allow as many people serve in office for the shortest possible t...

Friday, October 11, 2019

Philippine Canning Corporation Case Essay

I. Issues that Azucena Inalis must take into consideration. There seems to be two major issues that PCC must tackle in its ‘corned beef venture’; 1) where should PCC get its raw materials? (beef) and 2) Where does PCC source its debt? When it comes to the outsourcing of beef, PCC is considering Argentina, Australia, and/ or India. There are a number of concerns that must be addressed when it comes to importing raw materials from any one of these countries: 1) Political and Legal Considerations 2) Economic Performance and Management 3) Government Protectionist Policies The matter of sourcing debt is relatively simple because there are only two options being deliberated; 1) Denomination in Philippine Pesos, or 2) denomination in US Dollars. II. Evaluating the Issues 1) Political and Legal Considerations Argentina is widely considered to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Argentina scored 35/100 on the Transparency International rating as of 2011. 0/100 would be extremely corrupt while 100/100 would be clean. Crime rates as well as poverty are known issues. There is high risk as far as the political considerations in Argentina are concerned. India scored 36/100 on the Transparency International rating as of 2011. 0/100 would be extremely corrupt while 100/100 would be clean. Australia is would be considered in a low risk bracket, there is a strong legal system in operation and there is high confidence in government Australia scored 85/100 and they are well recognized for their efforts to stymy and eventually eradicate corruption and poverty altogether. 2) Economic Performance and Management Taken from Teadingeconomics.com(2013) | Instituto Nacional de Stadista ^ The latest reported inflation rate for Argentina is 10.5% for this month. It has been steadily decreasing from a high of 11.1% in early February  (Instituto Nacional de Estadista, 2013) but it has been forecasted to increase to 10.8% by mid-October. Taken from Tradingeconomics.com(2013) | Ministry of Comerce and Industry ^ India’s latest reported inflation rate is 4.86%. It has also been decreasing but in a more rapid rate compared to Argentina. From 10% in late 2011 to a sudden drop to7-8% in early 2012, and a gradual decrease to 6.68-7.5% in late 2012 and early 2013. Taken from Tradingeconomics.com | Australian Burau of Statistics ^ Inflation in Australia From 2010-2012, Australias inflation has been in the 2.1% (low) to 3.6% (high) region. Inflation went as low as 1.2% in the mid-2012, and gradually increased back to 2.5% through late 2012 and the first quarter of 2013. In the second quarter of 2013 however, inflation is back down to 2.4%. As far as inflation is concerned, the Australian economy is outperforming both Argentina and India by the proverbial mile. Let’s take a look at economic management. Indian Central Bank Base Interest Rates (Historical) Retrieved from Global-rates.com (2013) The current base interest rate is 7.25%. It has fluctuated in recent years from 5% in 2010 to 8.5% in early 2012- probably to control inflation; it was during this period that India’s inflation rate suddenly dropped frombeen on the decline from a high 8.5% in early 2012. This may be an explanation as to why India’s inflation dropped from 10% to 7+%. Retrieved from: Tradingeconomics.com (2013) 11.38 is the current base interest rate for Argentina. It has been moving in the 9-12% range since early 2012 3) Government Protectionist Policies REFERENCES Transparency International (2013) The Global Coalition Against Corruption; Corruption by Country/ Territory. Retrieved from: http://www.transparency.org/country#ARG_DataResearch Trading Economics (2013) Inflation Rates. Retrieved from : http://www.tradingeconomics.com/argentina/inflation-cpi

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Marketing and Refrigerators

MARKETING PROJECT BIMM(PGDM-A) GROUP MEMBERS: * BHOOMIKA JOSHI * HIRAL SAVLA * PRIYANKA VARDANI * SWATI DIXIT * SHRUTI SANCHETI * SNEHA UPADHAYA * RUMPA SARKAR INDIAN REFRIGERATOR INDUSTRY (MARKET ANALYSIS) Refrigerator market in India Refrigerators have been manufactured in India since 1950s. Till the 1980s players like Godrej , Kelvinator , Allwyn & Voltas controlled almost 90% of the market. Earlier the white goods sector was categorized as a luxury goods industry and was subject to oppressive taxation & licensing. The situation changed after the liberalization of the Indian economy in the early 1990s.The government removed all restrictions and now there is no restriction on foreign investments and licences are no longer required. Post-liberalization , a number of foreign companies entered the market and many domestic players also diversified into refrigerators. BPL & VIDEOCON who already had a presence in the consumer electronics market leveraged their strengths to en ter the durables sector. The refrigerator, today, quite simply is an indispensable item of everyday use. The refrigerator market has registered almost 40% growth over the last 4 years – from 3. 3million units in 2004/05 to 4. million units in 2008/09. With growing disposable incomes and a low penetration level for the category (34% even in urban India), the market is set to explode in the coming five years. The present scenario in India is that refrigerators have the most aspirational value after televisions. This shows that the growth rate of refrigerator is high. Today refrigerators are being manufactured in two basic designs which are: a) Direct Cool Refrigerator b) Frost Free Refrigerator In these two designs of refrigerators, the direct cool design market is much more than the expensive frost-free models.Although the growth is marginal in the direct cool models, the major factor for its growth is the availability of low priced models. Indian refrigerator market is valued at Rs 4000 crore. Refrigerators hold only 16% of consumer durable market that is valued at around Rs. 20,000-25,000 crore in India. Its market is growing at the rate of 7-8% annually. MAJOR BRANDS OF REFRIGERATORS IN INDIA: * Akai Refrigerators| * Allwyn Refrigerators| * BPL Refrigerators| * Daewoo Refrigerators| * Electrolux Refrigerators| * Frigidaire Refrigerators| * GE Refrigerators| * Godrej Refrigerators| Hitachi Refrigerators| * Kelvinator Refrigerators| * LG Refrigerators| Whirlpool Refrigerators| * Samsung Refrigerators| Sharp Refrigerators| * Siemens Refrigerators| * Videocon Refrigerators| * Voltas Refrigerators| * | SWOT analysis for Indian Refrigerator Industry Strengths: 1. Presence of established distribution networks in both urban and rural areas 2. Presence of well-known brands 3. In recent years, organized sector has increased its share in the market vis a vis the unorganized sector. Weaknesses 1. Demand is seasonal and is high during festive seasonal 2.Demand is dependent on good monsoons 3. Poor government spending on infrastructure 4. Low purchasing power of consumers Opportunities : 1. In India, the penetration level of white goods is lower as compared to other developing countries. 2. Unexploited rural market 3. Rapid urbanization 4. Increase in income levels, i. e. increase in purchasing power of consumers 5. Easy availability of finance Threats: 1. Higher import duties on raw materials imposed in the Budget 2007-08 2. Cheap imports from Singapore, China and other Asian countries COMPETITIVE FORCES IN INDIAN REFRIGERATOR INDUSTRY:The model of pure competition implies that risk-adjusted rates of return should be constant across firms and industries. However, numerous economic studies have affirmed that different industries can sustain different levels of profitability; part of this difference is explained by industry structure. Refrigerators constitute the second largest product segment within the Indian consumer durables sectors in Ind ia. On the basis of Michael Porter’s five forces model an industry faces the following competitive forces: Diagram of Porter's 5 Forces | SUPPLIER POWER Supplier concentration Importance of volume to supplierDifferentiation of inputs Impact of inputs on cost or differentiation Switching costs of firms in the industry Presence of substitute inputs Threat of forward integration Cost relative to total purchases in industry|   | BARRIERS TO ENTRY Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve Access to inputs Government policy Economies of scale Capital requirements Brand identity Switching costs Access to distribution Expected retaliation Proprietary products| | THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES -Switching costs -Buyer inclination to substitute -Price-performance trade-off of substitutes| | BUYER POWER Bargaining leverageBuyer volume Buyer information Brand identity Price sensitivity Threat of backward integration Product differentiation Buyer concentration vs. indusry. Substitutes a vailable Buyers' incentives| DEGREE OF RIVALRY -Exit barriers -Industry concentration -Fixed costs/Value added -Industry growth -Intermittent overcapacity -Product differences -Switching costs -Brand identity -Diversity of rivals -Corporate stakes| Designing Competitive Strategies of Refrigerators: A market with competition may typically be occupied by: * MARKET LEADER- LG (29. 4%) * MARKET CHALLANGER- WHIRLPOOL (25%) * MARKET FOLLOWER- GODREJ (22%) MARKET NICHES- HAIER (5%) MARKET LEADER (LG) STRATEGIES: LG marketing strategy is to increase its market share. LG's new strategy aims to focus on the premium segment of the market that fetches greater margins as opposed to volumes. The company claims this will benefit its consumers, channel partners and stakeholders as it focuses on products that drive rapid growth and lead in their brand category to create value for customers. In India for more than a decade now, LG is the market leader in consumer durables and recognized as a leading technology innovator in the information technology.LG is the acknowledged trendsetter for the consumer durable industry in India with the fastest ever nationwide reach, latest global technology and product innovation. Indian challenges The challenges faced by LG when it entered the market in 1995 were: †¢ Low brand awareness about LG in India. †¢ One of the last MNCs to enter India. (Samsung, Sony ;amp; Panasonic entered in 1995 ;amp; LG in 1997. ) †¢ High import duty. †¢ Competition from local players and other multinational companies in the consumer Electronics segment †¢ Price sensitiveness of Indian consumers Factors for success:Innovative marketing strategies (pre-emptive defense) To make itself a known brand in this sector, LG has taken innovative marketing and promotional initiatives: †¢ Launch of new technologies in the sector. It has state of art, R;amp;D labs in Pune and Bangalore. (position defense) LG with its motive of â€Å"life’s good† Regional channel strategy and wide distribution network LG has adopted the regional distribution model in India. All the distributors work directly with the company. This has resulted in quicker rotation of stocks, and better penetration into the B, C, and D class markets.LG also follows the strategy of stock rotation, rather than dumping stocks on channel partners. LG has over 46 branch offices and another 110 area offices across the country. LG had set a target of developing 2,000 dealers in 2004, in addition to the existing 3,000 dealers all over India. LG MARKET SEGMENTATION: Market segmentation can be done on the basis of : * Geographic segmentation: Region: all metro cities and suburbs. * Demographic segmentation: Family size: 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender: male, female. Income: 3, 00, 000Rs and above. Social class: working class, middle class and upper middle class. Psychographic segmentation: Lifestyle: culture oriented, health oriented. * Behavioural segmentation: Occasio ns: festivals and regular occasions. Benefits: quality, service. Loyalty status: none, medium, strong, absolute. Readiness stage: unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. LG MARKET TARGETING: * LG has targeted its market on the basis of the product that they are offering to the consumer, so they are following market specialization. * They are targeting: * Upper class segment * Upper end * They are targeting to those consumer who are more concern of style product. Their product is more of upper mid class and premium segment, their target audience are those consumers, who want quality product as the best price. * LG is now going to shift over to mid class segment and want to mass market their product. LG MARKET POSITIONING SRATEGY: * With the tagline Life’s Good ,LG positioning is to differentiate their products on the basis of technology which appealed to the consumer on the basis of health benefits. * With the tagline ‘Life’s Good’ its corpo rate philosophy to make people’s lives better, convenient and healthier. * Their positioning strategy is technologically intelligent and futuristic. As they are in upper and premium segment, so they are featuring that their brand is young, vibrant and premium. * They are talking about the value and changing lifestyles in their positioning strategy. LG PRODUCT RANGE LG refrigerators are divided into three categories :- 1. Single door refrigerators 2. Double door refrigerators 3. Side by side refrigerators Different models available under each category are :- 1. SINGLE DOOR REFRIGERATORS (price range varies from9400 to 15800 Rs) * 27O Lts – GL- 281 (3models) * 235 LTS – GL -245 (5models) * 215 LTS – GL 225 (4 models) ;amp; models ) 185 LTS – GL 195 (6 models) 2. DOUBLE DOOR REFRIGERATORS (price range varies from 14750 to 60900 Rs) * 604 LT – GR M712YSQ * 559 LT – GR B652YSP * 491 LT – GL 548 (2) * 466 LT – GL 528 (3) * 422 LT – GL 478 (2) * 390 LT – GL 405 (2) ;amp; GL 408 (2) * 350 LT – GL 365 (2) ;amp; GL 368 (3) * 320 LT – GL 335 (4) ;amp; 338 (2) * 290 LT – GL 305 (3) ;amp; GL308 (2) * 260 LT – GL 27 (2), GL 275 (3) ;amp; GL 278 * 240 LT – GL258 (3), GL 255 (3) ;amp; GL 254 3. SIDE-BY-SIDE REFRIGERATOR ( price range varies from 58000 to 175000 Rs) * 721 LT – GR P267BTB * 693 LT – GR P247JHM/ CSP 567 LT – GCP227 (3) * 581 LT – GCB21 (2) * 567 LT – GC L217 (2) MARKET CHALLENGER (WHIRLPOOL) STRATEGY With 25% market share whirlpool is the Market challenger for the refrigerator Market: Whirlpool’s international outlook was initiated in 1958 when it entered Brazil, but it was the ‘80’s that marked the beginning of Whirlpool’s aggressive strategy to be a world-wide competitor. India was identified as a growth market in late ‘80’s when Whirlpool Corporation entered into a joint vent ure agreement with TVS group to produce automatic washers at a plant set up in Pondicherry.This was a modest beginning was made to establish the Whirlpool brand in India. In 1995 Whirlpool Corporation acquired Kelvinator of India Limited and entered into the Refrigerator market in India. In late 1995 majority ownership was gained in the TVS joint venture and the two entities were merged to form Whirlpool of India Limited in 1996. Housewives: The advertising tagline is ‘Your magic in Homemaking’, which inspires the Indian housewife to buy its product. 6th sense cooling: 6th sense cooling is the patent technology of whirlpool, with which it is trying to capture market share of the Indian refrigerator market.Economy: Whirlpool has understood Indian market very closely and has been launching products as per the requirement of the customer from different segments. Whirlpool segmented the market mainly on the basis of price and capacity. Price has been kept keeping the needs and wants of the customer and product is designed such that it is feasible to every customer. Whirlpool has segmented its refrigerators under three segment: WHIRLPOOL MARKET SEGMENTATION: a)Geographic segmentation: Region: all metro cities and suburbs areas. b) Demographic segmentation: Family size: 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender: male, female.Income: 1,50,000Rs and above. Social class: working class, middle class and upper middle class. c)Psychographic segmentation: Lifestyle: culture oriented d)Behavioural segmentation: Occasions: festivals and regular occasions. Benefits: quality, service, economically viable Loyalty status: none, medium, strong, absolute. Readiness stage: unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. WHIRLPOOL MARKET TARGETING STRATEGY: * Whirlpool through its advertisements has been trying to target the housewives, trying to portray as a partner in homemaking. Hence, the prime target consumer for Whirlpool is Housewives. Whirlpool main targeting strategy is to p rovide economically viable household products. * They are also targeting in terms of capacity and usage nature of the consumers. Like they have different refrigerators for consumers with requirements of not very big capacities, i. e. Households, Small Shopkeepers and Bachelors etc, then different refrigerators for the middle class consumers who has average amount of income to dispose and different for the upper class or high class consumers, which includes people with high income and also industries which requires storage capacity of more than 310 Lts.WHIRLPOOL MARKET POSITIONING STRATEGY: Whirlpool has been trying to position itself as partner in homemaking. This has been pretty much evident from the advertisements of Whirlpool. Whirlpool’s advertising tagline is ‘Your magic in Homemaking’. This is Whirlpool’s advertising tagline. Whirlpool’s earlier tagline was â€Å"You ;amp; Whirlpool. The world’s best homemakers. † It has been evo lved to reflect the changed homemaker of today versus the yesteryears. Through Whirlpool’s intensive consumer research Whirlpool found that today’s homemaker believes in having everything perfect at home and takes pride in having achieved it!She has begun to look for that something exceptional, something additional in all the brands she chooses to help her achieve that. Whirlpool, as the brand that partners to this demanding homemaker of today, call this quality of hers as ‘magic’ and wish to be the home appliance brand that helps her create her â€Å"magic in homemaking†. Hence the new tagline â€Å"Your’s magic in the homemaking†. MARKET FOLLOWER (GODREJ) SRATEGY: The Godrej have always believed in the innovation. It has always emphasized on the development of new technologies. It invests large amount of its time and energy in R;amp;D.It goal towards strengthening its presence in the market by introducing higher performance refrigera tors for providing maximum benefit to consumers. The follower, Godrej is an adapter while following the leaders in the market. It has imitated the commercial refrigeration technique i. e. , direct cooling from the leader of the market but on the other hand it is the India's first complete range of refrigerators with â€Å"5 Star Energy Rating. † By launching an entire range of 5 Star Rated Refrigerators, it has raised the bar on product efficiency while delivering the best monetary value for the consumers.Thus it is successfully and efficiently moving towards its goal. Godrej marketing segmentation: a)Geographic segmentation: Region: all metro cities and suburbs areas. b) Demographic segmentation: Family size: 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender: male, female. Income: 1,50,000Rs and above. Social class: working class, middle class and upper middle class. c) Psychographic segmentation: Lifestyle: culture oriented d) Behavioural segmentation: Occasions: festivals and regular occasions. Benefit s: service, economically viable Loyalty status: none, medium, strong, absolute.Readiness stage: unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. GODREJ TARGETING STRATEGY: Godrej produces wide range of refrigerators to cater to the different demands of different type of users. In each category, it produces large number of models. Each model has different features and different capacities. While purchasing a refrigerator, determine your requirements and preferences. Godrej refrigerators are designed to have very attractive looks and designs. They have very sleek and stylish frame. They can fit into even small flats and homes.These refrigerators are available in various colors, styles and sizes. Apart from exterior designing, the interior of the Godrej refrigerators is designed ergonomically to offer great convenience of use, so they are targeting middle and working class customers who desires stylish yet economically viable products. They have also introduced 5 star energy rat ing, it is the first complete range of refrigerators with five star rating. Therefore, they are taking steps toward energy saving and providing more economically viable products, by becoming environment friendly.GODREJ POSITIONING STRATEGY: The tagline of Godrej is ‘Brighter Living’. Godrej says that the only thing cooler than our fridges is the Kulfi we stash in our freezers. With several firsts : swivel, a humidity jog dial, freezer air-current design – Godrej refrigerators have not only stood the test time they have also run head to head in the race with modernity. Godrej EON fridges are available in a host of dashing colors to go with decor and mood. There are polybag suspenders to hang up veggies in fridge.So every day, they are trying to make the world brighter place, with their services and also cooler. Therefore, goes with their tagline brighter living. MARKET NICHER (HAIER) STRATEGY: It is quality price specialist as Haier operates at the highest end of the market. Haier’s strategy mainly concentrates on their constant efforts towards internationalization. Several Chinese manufacturers who entered India priced their products low by compromising on quality, thinking that Indian consumers preferred to buy low priced irrespective of their quality.This gave Indian consumers the impression that anything â€Å"made in China† would be cheap and of poor quality, but Haier break this Indian mentality by introducing high price product for upper premium class only, not compromising on the terms of quality. HAIER MARKET SEGMENTATION: a)Geographic segmentation: Region: all metro cities and urban areas. b) Demographic segmentation: Family size: 1-2, 3-4, 5+ Gender: male, female. Income: 8,00,000Rs and above. Social class: upper middle class, Upper lower class and upper-upper class. c) Psychographic segmentation: Lifestyle: culture oriented ) Behavioral segmentation: Occasions: festivals and regular occasions. Benefits: service, qua lity oriented. Loyalty status: strong, absolute. Readiness stage: unaware, aware, interested, desirous, intending to buy. HAIER TARGETING STRATEGY: Their targeting strategy is more customer-oriented. Haier understands the consumer needs better and reflects that in consumer offerings. It is a manifestation of today’s young couple’s lifestyle which connotes speed, style and togetherness. It targets upper premium segment by manufacturing wine coolers in the society.It is the niche segment in the Indian society as the use of the wines in the Indian houses is very less. Only few (very small in number as compared to the market) use the wines and thus Haier in the wine cooler segment caters the need of the only those customers that manufactures wine coolers (which are very few in the numbers with a particular unique demand) thus they are serving the niche segment. Hence their targeting strategy is to target upper premium segment. HAIER POSITIONING STRATEGY: Life is very invol ving and everyday it offers you new challenges.Haier has peeped into life and come up with ideas that make living enjoyable and joyous. The main brand Idea was that Haier products are Inspired by Life: this is now expressed as Inspired Living. There is also another perspective on Inspired Living. All Haier products are the result of closely studied actual usage patterns of home appliances, i. e. , inspired by everyday life. For example, Haier was the first to launch a Bottom Mounted Refrigerator in the country. It is based on a simple insight that refrigerator shelves are used far more often than the freezer shelf.So Haier has put the freezer at the bottom and refrigerator racks at convenient heights, so that you don’t have to bend your back frequently. As a late entrant into the category, Haier understands the consumer needs better and reflects that in consumer offerings. This is how they write the positioning statement: Haier is better than all other brands for easy adopter s because it offers them benefits that help them lead a better life as a result of our endeavour to understand life better and work technology around it.